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Despite the high mortality rate, studies show that early detection can increase a patients chances of survival

Each of these components of e-cigarette vapour has been demonstrated to pose a risk to the cardiovascular system: a) nicotine can increase blood pressure and heart rate, or cause inflammation or stiffness in the arteries

This is particularly the case for young people who are taking up e-cigarettes without having smoked before. Isabel Saraiva, former chair of the European Lung Foundation, who sadly passed away in 2024, previously commented: As an ex-smoker, I understand that it is tempting for people, who think that it will be easier to stop smoking by substituting cigarettes with e-cigarettes

Ann Am Thorac Soc

RIVM investigated 50 commercial cigarette brands